Open Data

• Public Access - data available for viewing but not easily redistributed. For example, copyrighted/proprietary data available online in PDF form.

• Open Access - Machine readable data available without restrictions via public domain or CC0.

• Proprietary - Data in which ownership is claimed by an entity. Licenses include traditional copyright, where all rights are retained, Creative Commons and other similar licenses.

• Public Domain - There is no ownership (i.e., no licenses) of data in the public domain, and anyone can use the data how they choose. While CC0 isn't public domain, its license offers the closest amounts of freedoms as possible in comparison to items in the public domain.

Gonzálvez-Gallego, N., and Nieto-Torrejón, L. (2021).  Can open data increase younger generations’ trust in democratic institution? A study in the European Union.  PLoS One 16(1).

Kim, Y., and Zhang, P. (2015). Understanding data sharing behaviors of STEM researchers: The roles of attitude, norms, and data repositories. Library & Information Science Research, 37(3), 189-200.

Popkin, G. (2019). Setting your data free: As science becomes more open, researcher who share data are reaping the benefits. Nature, 569, 445-447.

Stieglitz, S., et al. (2021). When are researchers willing to share their data? – Impacts of values and uncertainty on open data in academia, PLoS ONE 15(17).

Tenopir, C., et al. (2011).  Data sharing by scientists: Practices and perceptions, PLoS ONE 6(6).

Yıldırım, A., Uskudarli, S. (2020). Microblog topic identification using linked open data. PLoS ONE 15(8).